For the July 2026 data release (published mid-September 2026), we have upgraded the carbon model to version 17 and implemented the following updates:

For the July 2026 data release (published mid-September 2026), we have upgraded the carbon model to version 17 and implemented the following updates:

Updating Scope 1 & 3 Emissions from Google's Corporate Footprint

• Allocation factor refresh: Updated Scope 1 and Scope 3 allocation factors using company-wide data from the 2026 Google Environmental Report.
• Methodology application: For details on how corporate Scope 1 and Scope 3 emissions are distributed across cloud products and services, refer to the non-electricity emission sources section of the methodology documentation.

Updating Inputs for Scope 2 Market-Based Emissions Calculations

• Updated annual renewable electricity allocation percentages in accordance with the 2026 Google Environmental Report.
• Refreshed background annual emissions factors using updated government data sources across Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3. Note that Scope 2 location-based emissions continue to be calculated using hourly greenhouse gas emission factors. Learn more in the Scope 2 market-based allocation documentation.
• Incorporated marketplace purchases of Granular Certificates covering a significant portion of electricity load across carbon-intensive regions.
• Granular certificate purchases represent market-based accounting allocations. Customers seeking to minimize emissions are encouraged to prioritize regions with high Carbon Free Energy (CFE) scores for new workloads.

Regional Accounting & Boundary Updates

• Aligned European clean energy matching boundaries with updated